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書封 生成式AI之科技風險管理與技術創新趨勢
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生成式AI之科技風險管理與技術創新趨勢

Published
2024/08/01
Format
PDF
Category
Subject
ISBN
9789576193842
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新興科技之風險處理途徑,除了聚焦負面技術風險的實驗室層次之科技評估(tech-nology assessment) 之外,還需要同時關注正面與負面影響,並且同時關注技術風險與組織模式。因此,需要透過比較聚焦整體社會挑戰之風險評估途徑,包括:盡責創新(Responsible Innovation)、社會創新(Social Innovation)、盡責研究與創新(Responsible Re-search and Innovation, RRI) 、生活實驗室(Living Lab) 等不同途徑,才能藉由降低技術之負面影響、改變組織模式與生產模式,真正創造附加價值實現新興技術的巨大效益。
本報告旨在比較不同科技風險評估、風險管理的主要途徑,聚焦於人工智慧(AI)盡責創新的風險管理,比較分析各國對生成式AI 風險因應與創新策略。盡責創新均衡看待技術商業化與技術風險,Living Lab 則關注使用者與地區之需求,RRI 則偏重負面科技風險。
第一章緒論首先闡釋多元系統創新途徑的重要性,強調科技創新應專注解決社會經濟面臨的挑戰,科研體系亦應與社會挑戰緊密聯繫以實現轉型與進步。再者探討RRI( 盡責創新)、社會創新及Living Lab 之間的關聯性,RRI 應結合責任創新並與全球創新網絡相結合,並闡明盡責創新與社會創新的差異及應用價值。
第二章聚焦於經濟合作與發展組織(OECD)「可信賴AI」原則及NIST 之AI 系統風險評估架構,並比較美國AI 權利法案與歐盟GDPR 等法案。此外,解析歐盟如何透過建立數位生態系統,改變創新的組織模式,透過納入非醫療領域、多元行動者參與,比較並評估AI 模型的錯誤率、準確率、延遲率和通量與模型基準。第三章及第四章則比較不同國家在個人資料保護、法規制度與AI 風險管理框架上的差異做法,特別關注美國、中國與歐盟在自我管制、立法與監管層面的策略分歧,並探討其對地緣政治的影響,同時介紹公平性、責任性與透明性(FAT) 等原則在AI 應用中的重要性。
藉由全面探討社經挑戰導向科技創新政策的主要途徑,突顯系統創新途徑的重要性,唯有透過改變創新組織模式,才能反身性地評估風險並大幅實現效益,降低生成式AI 對消費者知情選擇權、個人資料控制權、數位生態系統、智慧財產權等之衝擊。
  • Place of Publication 臺灣
  • Language 繁體中文

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