◎Aging often occurs due to the senescence of cells in the body. These senescent cells, also known as zombie cells, not only contribute to age-related diseases but may also promote the development of cancer cells, ultimately leading to cancer and a shortened lifespan.
◎The repair of aging cells can currently be achieved through human stem cells or the release of extracellular vesicles (exosomes). Although they can be effective in delaying the onset of aging, we must not forget that there is also a potential risk of cancer development.
◎In addition to the assistance of regenerative cells or exosomes, delaying aging also seems to heavily rely on adjustments in diet and medication—both Eastern and Western—as well as regular exercise.


In recent years, the development of regenerative medicine has provided a new platform to improve problems and diseases caused by aging—particularly through the extensive application of stem cells and extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, since the use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles/exosomes in regenerative medicine is still a relatively new field, the public’s understanding of it remains limited. This work aims to explain the characteristics and potential risks associated with senescent cells (zombie cells), stem cells, and extracellular vesicles/exosomes—such as the possible transformation of aging cells into cancerous ones—and to propose potential therapeutic directions for future application. It is therefore hoped that the continued advancement of regenerative medicine will enable elderly individuals to enjoy longer and healthier lives.